PART I: WRITING.
Quick Links.
1. Planning.
Quick Reference; A General Subject; Ideas and Planning; A Specific Topic; Your Role, Readers, and Purpose; A Working Thesis Statement.
2. Drafting.
Quick Reference; Organization; An Outline; A Rough Draft; A Title and Introductory and Concluding Paragraphs.
3. Revising.
Quick Reference; Content Revision; Style Revision; Technical Revision; Peer Editing; The Final Draft.
4. Paragraphs.
Quick Reference; Unified Paragraphs; Coherent Paragraphs; Paragraph Length; Organization and Development.
5. Critical Thinking and Argumentation.
Quick Reference; Principles of Reasoning; Purposes of Writing; Ways to Respond Critically; Argumentation; A Sample Argument.
6. Essay Exams.
Quick Reference; Strategies; Organization and Development; Timed Practice.
7. Business Writing.
Quick Reference; Business Writing; The Résumé; Business Correspondence.
8. Writing about Literature.
Quick Reference; Analyzing Literature: Preparing to Write; Choosing an Approach; Structuring the Paper; Following Style and Documentation Guidelines; A Glossary of Literary Terms; A Sample Literature Paper.
9. Document Format.
Quick Reference; A Document’s Purpose; Basic Printing Features; Visual Elements; Website Design.
PART II: RESEARCH.
Quick Links.
10. Developing a Subject into a Thesis.
Quick Reference: Topic, Research, and Note Taking; Subject to Topic; A Working Thesis Statement or Research Question.
11. Finding and Evaluating Sources.
The Library; Online Catalogs; Periodical Databases; Using Electronic Sources; Selecting and Evaluating Sources.
12. Taking Notes and Avoiding Plagiarism.
Taking Notes; Avoiding Plagiarism.
13. Organizing and Writing Research Projects.
Overview: Organizing, Writing, and Documenting; Organization; A Rough Draft; Incorporating Source Material and Avoiding Plagiarism; Revision; A Final Manuscript.
14. Sample Research Papers.
A Sample Research Paper (MLA Format); A Sample Research Paper (APA Format).
15. Disciplines: Links and Resources.
PART III: CITATIONS (MLA/APA).
Quick Links.
16. MLA Style.
Overview: MLA Style; In-Text Citations; Works-Cited Entries: General Formatting Guidelines; Books; Periodicals; Sources Available Only Online or Electronically; Other Types of Sources; MLA Paper Format; Sample Research Paper in MLA Format.
17. APA Style.
Overview; In-Text Citations; Reference List Entries; Books; Periodicals ; Sources Available Only Online or Electronically; Other Types of Sources; APA Paper Format; Sample Research Paper in APA Format.
PART IV: STYLE.
Quick Links.
18. Sentence Variety.
Quick Reference; Sentence Length; Sentence Types; Sentence Beginnings; Coordination and Subordination.
19. Emphasis.
Quick Reference; Active and Passive Sentences; Concision.
20. Diction.
Quick Reference; Levels of Diction; Denotations and Connotations; Specific Words; Biased Language; Slang and Regionalisms; Clichés and Triteness; Forms of Idioms; Jargon; Euphemisms; Pretentious Language; Figures of Speech; Neologisms and Archaisms.
21. Word Usage.
PART V: GRAMMAR.
Quick Links.
22. Sentence Basics.
Quick Reference; Parts of speech and of sentences; sentence construction
23. Fragments.
Quick Reference; Without Subjects or Verbs; Subordinate Clauses; Special Use of Fragments.
24. Comma Splices and Fused Sentences.
Quick Reference; Forming Two Sentences; Using a Semicolon; Using Coordinating and Subordinating Conjunctions; Conjunctive Adverbs.
25. Verbs.
Quick Reference; Verb Forms; Simple Tenses; Perfect Tenses; Progressive Tenses; Relationships among Actions and Conditions; Mood.
26. Agreement.
Quick Reference; Subjects and Verbs; Pronouns and Antecedents.
27. Parallelism.
Quick Reference: Parallelism; With Coordinating Conjunctions; With Correlative Conjunctions; Repetition of Sentence Elements.
28. Pronoun Reference.
Quick Reference; Unclear Pronoun Reference; Reflexive Pronouns and Subjects of Sentences; Clear Pronoun References.
29. Pronoun Case.
Quick Reference; Subjective Case; Objective Case; Possessive Case; Appositives and Elliptical Constructions; Who and Whoever and Whom and Whomever.
30. Positioning Modifiers.
Quick Reference; Clarity and Smoothness; Dangling Modifiers; Squinting Modifiers.
31. Sentence Consistency and Logic
Quick Reference; Identifying and correcting inappropriate shifts, mismatched comparisons, and missing words
32. Adjectives and Adverbs.
Quick Reference; Modifying Nouns and Pronouns; Modifying Verbs, Adjectives, and Adverbs; Positive, Comparative, and Superlative Adjectives and Adverbs; Troublesome Adjective and Adverb Pairs.
33. English Language Learners: Working beyond Mechanics
Quick Reference; Writing in the American Culture; General Issues of Writing; Special Concerns; Technical Issues for ESL Writers: A Guide.
34. Glossary of Grammatical Terms.
PART VI: PUNCTUATION.
Quick Links.
35. End Punctuation.
Quick Reference; Periods; Question Marks; Exclamation Points.
36. Commas.
Quick Reference; Three or More Items in a Series; Compound and Compound-Complex Sentences; Introductory Words and Phrases; Nonrestrictive Information; Contrasting Sentence Elements; Expressions That Signal Direct Quotations; Numbers, Dates, Addresses, Place Names, and Titles; Unnecessary Commas.
37. Semicolons and Colons.
Quick Reference; Independent Clauses; Sentence Elements That Contain Commas; Incorrect Use of Semicolons; To Introduce Elements; Numerals; Incorrect Use of Colons.
38. Apostrophes.
Quick Reference; Possessive Case; Omission of Letters and Numbers; Not with Possessive Pronouns.
39. Other Marks of Punctuation.
Quick Reference; Dashes; Hyphens; Parentheses; Brackets; Ellipses Points.
40. Capitals.
Quick Reference; The First Word in Every Sentence; Proper Nouns and Proper Adjectives; Titles and Subtitles.
41. Italics.
Quick Reference: Italics; Titles of Lengthy Published Works; Specific Names of Ships, Trains, Aircraft, and Spacecraft; Unfamiliar Foreign Words and Phrases; Words Used as Words, Letters Used as Letters, and Numbers Used as Numbers; For Emphasis.
42. Quotation Marks.
Quick Reference; Direct Quotations and Dialogue; Punctuation with Quotation Marks; Titles of Brief Works, Parts of Long Works, and Unpublished Works; Ironic or Other Special Use of a Word.
43. Numbers and Abbreviations.
Quick Reference: Numbers and Abbreviations; Numbers; Abbreviations.
44. Spelling.
Quick Reference; General Rules; Dictionaries; Technical Words and British Variants.
45. Glossary of Grammatical Terms.